Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Art and Empathy - 1536 Words
Kenny Smith April 20th, 2003 The role of men in society has been a vital. Men were subjected to the same inhumane and horrifying events that happened during the Holocaust. When one thinks of a man, you think of father, solider and other manly things. A great deal of pride comes along with being and man. Along with pride, testosterone, intensity, and all sorts of other factors key into the characteristics of men. However, the Holocaust completely stripped men of most of these characteristics. The Holocaust did not allow men to be men. Holocaust art, the â€Å"Tale of the Sprinter†by Sudeep Pagedar, and Vladek Spiegelman in the memoirs Maus by Art Spiegelman are examples of how men suffered during the Holocaust and the amount of empathy†¦show more content†¦This was one of the many nightmarish images of brutality in the book. The human body is stripped of everything that makes it recognizably human, reduced to bones and fat. Even dead, the captive Jews are not allowed the smallest dignity. In add ition, Vladek shares stories about how they were treated like animals. â€Å"We lay on top of the other, like matches, like herrings. I pushed to a corner not to get crushed †¦ High up I saw a few hooks to chain up maybe the animals(Spiegelman 75). Considered racially inferior, the Jews were treated like animals. This is one of many scenes in the memoir where Jews are held in structures or cars that were initially built for animals. Vladek has a very complex personality because of his Holocaust experiences. Vladek Spiegelman is a disturbed, bitter old man who is unwilling to talk about the things that made him the way he is. Through Vladek Spiegelman, we are able to see how atrocity affected men during the Holocaust. Vladek’s character traits evoke empathy because he cannot be the man and father that he could have been because of this event. Art is a way to express emotions and feelings. Holocaust art and literature are products of atrocities. Men in literature and art are usually expressed as very bold figure. When you see a sculpture of a man, it is usually a masculine figure with bold features. The Holocaust stripped men of their masculinityShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Psychology: Never Let Me Go Essay1048 Words  | 5 PagesThe guardians at Hailsham made sure the children were good at art. Through art, the guardians were able to see whether clones were human or not. Madame says, â€Å"Because of course your art will reveal your inner selves! That’s it, isn’t it? Because your art will display your souls!†. Since the guardians did not emotionally connect to the children, the art was the only way they could understand the children. By forcing the children to do art, the guardians were preparing the children to be as normalRead MoreReview Of Genesis A Novel Written By Bernard Beckett1315 Words  | 6 PagesAdam Forde and Art. Art is an incomplete programmed android who is put in a prison cell with Adam- the citizen who goes against societal norms to save a foreign girl. The book continues illustrating the concept between influences and ideas through the characters, Art and Adam. Influences generate ideas within, allowing them to grow more powerful and persist over time. Adam unknowingly taught Art to follow his intuitions over his program. Adam s human-like emotions affected Art s character andRead MoreThe Work Of Art And The Age Of Mechanical Reproduction911 Words  | 4 PagesIn the piece â€Å"The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,†Benjamin tackles the evolution of reproduction coinciding with the introduction advanced technologies; and how art, specifically film, has transformed since this introduction. He asserts that reproduction has now become part of the process in art because of mediums like film and photography, however their reliance on technology creates less authenticity among art forms due to less of the original art still be connected to the pieceRead MoreOedipus Rex As Modern Tragedy : Catharsis Or Cognitive Emotion883 Words  | 4 Pages Using information gathered from Aristotle s consideration of the ideal of tragedy and from a selection of psychological studies, I will examine the tragedy from the p erspective of emotional empathy and use this framework to consider Rex s ability to transition from cognitive empathy to emotional empathy strong enough to result in catharsis. Throughout history, many have believed that man s ability to produce a poetic reflection of the world around him is what sets him apart from lesser lifeformsRead MoreEssay on Traits of an Effective Counselor1065 Words  | 5 Pagesimportant part of the therapeutic dynamic. As the case study demonstrates, the professional counselor began with a good rapport and empathy. I believe the session was effective because the client and the counselor worked together with re-evaluating how the client was going to improve his circumstances. In this case study, the counselor establishes a good relationship and empathy with the client, which allows him to be completely honest about his thoughts and feelings. The counselor assesses continuallyRead MoreThe Art And Characteristics Of Servant Leadership1327 Words  | 6 PagesServant leadership is an art. It’s a model of ethical management, and approaches ethical leadership and decision making based on the moral principle of serving ot hers first (Carroll Buchholtz, 2012, p. 234). This concept came about from the works of Robert E. Greenleaf. He retired from ATT after 38 years, and then he founded the â€Å"Center of Applied Ethics†which was later named the â€Å"Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership. (Carroll Buchholtz, 2012, p. 234). Robert Greenleaf ‘s teachings revolvedRead MoreStrengths and Weaknesses of Emotion Essay1068 Words  | 5 Pageswe show empathy and the will to observe and learn about their traditions and study their behavior. Another way human study is done via emotion is from the expression through non-verbal means such as paintings and sculptures. For example, we are able to see this applied in human sciences and art. Human sciences include anthropology, psychology and economics. Emotions play a vast role in assisting understanding in the study of anthropology and psychology. Both require some form of empathy for the observersRead MoreThe Emergence Of Religion : An Analy sis1598 Words  | 7 Pagesmay not be significant in the search for the beginnings of religion, but the fact that the brain has adapted to make emotional connections and feel empathy may have been evolutionarily important in the roots of religion. In order to gain an understanding of the roots of religion, the primatologist Barbara King, examines key characteristics such as empathy, compassion, shared emotional experiences, and self awareness in both apes and early hominids. Such characteristics may have perhaps been the precursorsRead MoreAristotle s On The Mind1711 Words  | 7 Pages Art must be taken as serious as science, discovery, creation and knowledge in the sense of advancement of understanding. Each person is a physical object but each person is someone who thinks and has feelings. Knowledge and understanding is more self-knowledge because of the animated spirit that constitutes our nature. Imagination is used when watching a 2-dimensional film rather than sitting i n the audience watching a live performance with everything happening right in front of your eyes. We canRead MoreEmpathy Is An Essential Part Of Literature872 Words  | 4 PagesEmpathy is a kind of emotional connection that allowed people to comprehend the feeling of another individuals. Empathy is an essential part of literature because it allows the readers and the characters from the stories to share an emotional connection with one another. As define in the dictionary empathy is â€Å" the psychological identification with or vicarious experiencing of the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another.†Like in many of the stories we have read so far, as individual we can relate
Monday, December 23, 2019
The United States Presidential Office - 1620 Words
The United States presidential office during the time period of 1829-1837 belonged to the nation’s seventh president, Andrew Jackson. According to the people he was the â€Å"Common Man’s President.†Jackson saw more of the potential this country had then what was already laid out. Jackson fought hard for what he believed in, and this country was one of those things. During his presidency he was faced with many hard decisions, but only a couple truly stand out: the â€Å"Kitchen Cabinet†, the Indian Removal Act of 1830, and the vetoing of the rechartering of the Second National Bank. Jackson, unlike the previous presidents, grew up in poverty. His father had died only a couple of days prior to the birth of Jackson, leaving Jackson and his two older brothers fatherless. Jackson’s mother, Elizabeth, had big dreams for her son. She made sure that he got as much education as he could in their situation. When war struck their southern home, the Jackson brothers all left home to support however they could. The oldest brother, Hugh, had died during the battle of Stono Ferry . At the age of thirteen, Andrew and his other brother, Robert, were captured by the British. After Andrew refused to clean an officer’s boot, the officer struck Andrew in the face with his sword. In doing so, the officer left a mark that always reminded the future president of his hatred towards the British. Soon after they were released both Robert and Elizabeth died, leaving a fourteen year old orphaned AndrewShow MoreRelatedPresidential Democracy : An Effective Government Than A Par liamentary Democracy1390 Words  | 6 PagesTopic: A presidential democracy is more likely to produce strong, effective government than a parliamentary democracy. Introduction The structure of a governments and party systems are of crucial importance for the functioning and well stable effective government. In this case let’s take example of United States and United Kingdom. Presidential system of United States; The United State presidential system is a system of government that features a president as the nation head of state and activeRead MorePresidential vs parliamentary systems Essay1238 Words  | 5 PagesPresidential versus parliamentary systems ILONA Mà RIA SZILà GYI Miklà ³s Zrà nyi National Defence University, Budapest, Hungary This article is a comparison of presidential and parliamentary systems. They are the two most popular types of democratic governments. They have common and dissimilar features. In both presidential and parliamentary systems the chief executive can be removed from office by the legislature but the way of it is different. Dissimilar feature is the election of the chiefRead MoreThe Election Process Is Fair1226 Words  | 5 PagesDo you have a favorite president? Have you ever voted for president? The United States election process was created in 1787 and went into action in 1789 by the founding fathers (â€Å"Presidential Elections†). In the first election, two candidates that ran for office included George Washington and John Adams. Through the original election process, George Washington ended up taking office (â€Å"Electoral College†). The election process has changed many times since 1789 to become the current election processRead MoreThe Perils Of Presidential Democracy By Juan Linz882 Words  | 4 PagesPerils of Presidential Democracy†by Juan Linz is about two different systems of democracy, parliamentary, and presidential. Linz’s main argument is that in countries with cases of deep political divide, parliamentary forms of government generally offer the best hope of preserving democracy. Juan Lin z proves these claims by highlighting points that discredit the presidential system of democracy. He begins by bringing to light that only one other presidential system has lasted as long as the United States’sRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Presidential Government1384 Words  | 6 PagesIntroduction Presidential government is in the form which the president is elected directly by the people and is the chief executive of the country (The Presidential System, 2016). The presidential system of government is used across the globe. The most talked about presidential government is probably that of the USA. The first presidential election in the USA is recorded in 1789 (Staff, 2010). The residential government in the United States is split into three branches; the president and his cabinetRead MoreWomen And The Presidency : Ending The Misogyny1730 Words  | 7 Pageswoman served as President of the United States. However, according to Article II, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, â€Å"No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty-five Years, and b een fourteen Years a Resident within the United States†. Nowhere in the Constitution doesRead MoreGovernment Power and Authorities1111 Words  | 5 Pages#1. (Chapter 2) Define Federalism and Separation of Powers, Identify the Major Sources of State and Federal authorities explicit to the Constitution, and explain why the division of powers architecture was important to the Framers. Federalism is the division of Governmental powers and authorities between the State and Federal Governments. Separation of Powers is not actually labeled or defined within the constitution. However, the Framers of the constitution found â€Å"to avoid tyranny, a separationRead MoreThe Presidental Limits Essay1206 Words  | 5 PagesThe Presidental Limits The President of the United States is the most powerful wo/man in the world. There are few limits to what s/he can do. The Constitution created the institution of the presidency in 1789, power of the president has gradually grown from what was first envisioned. The presidential powers were set up to be limited by separation of powers into three branches of government, by the checks and balances scribed in the constitution, by federal systems, political parties andRead MoreThe United States uses a presidential system of government and is a stable democracy; therefore, it is advisable for new democracies to also choose pr1628 Words  | 7 Pages The United States uses a presidential system of government and is a stable democracy; therefore, it is advisable for new democracies to also choose presidential systems of government. Discuss The United States is arguably the most powerful and prosperous nation in the world and has had a successful stable democracy under presidential government for over 200 years. So surely therefore new democracies in the modern day should adopt the presidential system of governmentRead MoreParliamentary and Presidential Systems Essay1621 Words  | 7 PagesWhen looking at the different political systems across the world, parliamentary and presidential systems can be seen as two eminent and highly successful democracy as used most famously by Britain the United States respectively. Due to their difference in the system of governing, the role of an Australian Prime Minister may vary from that of an American President. Thus, differentiation of the system may incur a verity of responsibility and privilege that one and another desire to hold. First
Sunday, December 15, 2019
What is a SWOT analysis Free Essays
SWOT Analysis stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and threats. It is a strategic planning tool which is used by businesses and organization to set a comprehensible rationale of the project. [1]This analysis is not only aimed at analyzing the internal factors but it also scans the external environment. We will write a custom essay sample on What is a SWOT analysis? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Strengths and weaknesses are usually taken as internal environmental factors while opportunities and threats are viewed as external environmental factors. It helps a company in formulating strategies and utilizes the firm’s resources in the accurate vicinity. Strengths would highlight the areas where investments should be made to further enhance the product or service and make it as a competitive advantage for the company, e.g. low cost. Weaknesses would tell a firm that improvement is required in a particular area, e.g. weak distribution network. Opportunities would define the areas which are not being targeted by the company and investing in that area would bring chances of growth and profit, e.g. an unmet customer need. There may be some changes in the external environment which can be a threat for a company, e.g. a new substitute product.[2] SWOT analysis should be performed for every area of the businesses and it should be repeatedly done for every market. What is its purpose in strategic planning? Strategic planning basically helps a business to set its overall objectives and then build a comprehensive plan to accomplish those objectives.[3] In doing so, SWOT analysis performs an important function by highlighting the strengths and weaknesses and spotlighting the opportunities and weaknesses. Through this in-depth market analysis, companies can set their goals in the right direction. Do you have to conduct a SWOTT Analysis to have an effective strategic plan? Why or why not. Yes, it is necessary to perform a SWOT analysis for building an effective strategic plan. The reason is that it tells a company what has been done well, so as to focus in that area to earn higher profits. Then it highlights the internal harmful factors that can be improved by a company. Not only this, it gives insights for better opportunities in the market. [4] SWOT Analysis also informs about potential threats for a business. It is an immense planning tool that will help in building a winning strategic plan for a company. Week 2 DQ 2 What are the key planning factors for competitive success? Key planning factors for an organization will differ from company to company. However, we can perform a general industry analysis, along with competitor analysis and macro environment analysis. These factors drive the strategy of a company, so it is important to understand then properly. For achieving competitive success, type of business must be taken into account. Some suggested key planning factors for competitive success are:  ·Ã‚        Focus on strategic planning  ·Ã‚        Right implementation of the strategy  ·Ã‚        Time management of the entire project  ·Ã‚        Using project management techniques for effective planning  ·Ã‚        Research and development  ·Ã‚        Acquiring land and maintaining liquidity  ·Ã‚        Well-constructed product  ·Ã‚        Establishing efficient channels of distribution  ·Ã‚        Providing after-sales support  ·Ã‚        Communicating every decision to everyone in the organization  ·Ã‚        Involvement of every employee in decision marking[5]  ·Ã‚        Teamwork and Collaboration between all departments  ·Ã‚        Following principles of Ethics Provide an example of an organization that has achieved competitive success through planning. An example of an organization that has achieved competitive success through planning is â€Å"Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬ . It is a leading nutrition and health company. They have diversified into new areas by creating value for their products. They were able to achieve that through long term planning by creating value for their shareholders, employees, consumers, and business partners. They strategically planned for the development of their research centers across the globe which is now one of their competitive advantages. Their entry into different countries and creating products with respect to the tastes and culture of that country was also a part of their strategic planning process. This planning is helping them to achieve their long term vision, i.e. creating shared value for society and shareholders.[6] Provide an example of an organization that has failed to achieve competitive success as the result of failed planning. An example of an organization that has failed to achieve competitive success as the result of failed planning is Hershey’s. It is a leading manufacturer of chocolates, confectionaries and beverages in United States of America. Hershey’s was in process of implanting an ERP Solution and they decided to choose SAP ERP. But this implementation failed and caused heavy loss to the company in terms of profits and sales. The reason was not any technical mistake by the vendor but poor planning by Hersey’s. They choose wrong time for implementation when business was at its peak. They made a blunder of restructuring the business process and changing it in a wrong way without doing strategic planning. They spend most of the time on ERP implementation which interrupted the day to day operations of the business, creating confusions for the employees. They might have avoided this issue if they remained focused and planned out all activities properly before implementation. They should have set their priorities in a strategic manner by looking at the business prospects from all angles.[7] Bibliography: What is SWOT Analysis(2010), Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-swot-analysis.htm Strategic Management(2010), Retrieved from http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/swot/ Strategic Planning(2010), Retrieved from http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?itemId=1079687246type=RESOURCES Roger Lever (Dec 10, 2008), Retrieved from http://strategic-business planning.suite101.com/article.cfm/use_swot_analysis_for_strategic_planning Key Success Factors in Strategic Planning By Bill Birnbaum, CMC(2009) Retrieved from http://www.birnbaumassociates.com/key-success-factors.htm Retrieved from http://www.nestle.com/AllAbout/AllAboutNestle.htm Analyzing ERP failures in Hershey, Retrieved from http://www.erpwire.com/erp-articles/failure-story-in-erp-process.htm [1] What is SWOT Analysis(2010), Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-swot-analysis.htm [2]Strategic Management(2010), Retrieved from http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/swot/ [3] Strategic Planning(2010), Retrieved from http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?itemId=1079687246type=RESOURCES [4] Roger Lever (Dec 10, 2008), Retrieved from http://strategic-business planning.suite101.com/article.cfm/use_swot_analysis_for_strategic_planning [5] Key Success Factors in Strategic Planning By Bill Birnbaum, CMC(2009) Retrieved from http://www.birnbaumassociates.com/key-success-factors.htm [6] Retrieved from http://www.nestle.com/AllAbout/AllAboutNestle.htm [7] Analyzing ERP failures in Hershey, Retrieved from http://www.erpwire.com/erp-articles/failure-story-in-erp-process.htm How to cite What is a SWOT analysis?, Papers
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Gas War Essay Example For Students
Gas War Essay Gasoline is produced by a distillation process where crude oil is heated and fumes are captured and converted into many products such as kerosene, jet fuel, and gasoline to name a few. Therefore the price of crude oil, which is extracted from oil wells beneath the earths surface, is a major factor in gas prices. The five leading oil-producing countries and their approximate shares of the world supply of oil are: Soviet Union 21%, Saudi Arabia 17%, The United States 15%, Venezuela 4%, and Mexico 4%. These five countries made up 61 % of the worlds oil production back in 1980. Even though The United States is a major producer of oil, it does not make them self-sufficient. The United States uses more oil than they can produce and must look towards foreign countries. An organization called O.P.E.C. controls approximately four fifths of the worlds oil reserves in the non-communist world. The United States is forced to deal with O.P.E.C., not only in its own interests, but also in the inter est of its allies and in the interest of maintaining peace. The former Soviet Union may now have an interest in selling some of their oil that they have a tremendous amount of. O.P.E.C. which stands for Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is made up of 13 countries: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Indonesia, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, and Gabon. O.P.E.C. was founded in Baghdad, Iraq in September of 1960. It was organized in response to oil producing countries that did not consult with the Middle Eastern oil states before lowering their crude oil prices. The producers feared that other countries would establish monopolies. The aim of O.P.E.C. was to create a universal price between the countries, in order to ensure peace between oil producers throughout the world. O.P.E.C. also wanted to provide its members with technical and economic support in times of need, since not all the countries were completely stable. The headquart ers were initially set in Geneva, but were later moved to Vienna in 1965. O.P.E.C.’s goal was to establish firmly unified prices amongst their members, but the organization was not always successful. In their quest for control over the world market of oil production, they have ran into several obstacles and setbacks. O.P.E.C. has barely survived being eliminated due to internal conflicts amongst its members. Since O.P.E.C. almost has a strangle hold on the worlds oil supply, The United States is extremely concerned with the areas instability. The Middle East and the Persian Gulf area, where most of the members are located, are extremely prone to wars, both civil and cross borders, plagued by religious battles, and positions of power are frequently overthrown, making it hard for any stability to come out of the area. Any time there is chaos in the Middle East, The United States thinks back on †¦memories of other troubles in the Persian Gulf area: the Arab oil embargo in 1 973-74, the Iranian revolution in 1979-80 and Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990. (1) The area is also vital to our allies, who would be crippled without Gulf oil, whose livelihood we are dependent on. In 1973 O.P.E.C. raised oil prices 70%. The dominant Middle Eastern members of O.P.E.C. used succeeding price increases as a political weapon aimed at Western nations in retaliation for their support of Israel against its Arab neighbors in the so-called Yom Kippur War of October 1973. Prices were accordingly raised another 130% at the Tehran conference of December 1973, and a temporary embargo was placed on the United States and the Netherlands at the same time. Other prices increases followed in 1975, 1977, 1979, and 1980, which ultimately raised the price of a barrel of crude oil from United States $3.00 in 1973 to $30.00 in 1980. (2) Almost every college student has heard stories from friends or relatives about the gas crunch in the 1970’s. People waited in l ines that stretched for miles, and could only get gas on certain days depending on the first letter of your last name. O.P.E.C. used the money they raised to invest in other countries, placed in foreign banks, currency markets, and to help their own economies through inner development. O.P.E.C. is also extremely interested in maximizing profits, but in such a cartel, it is impossible to find a price that will maximize profits. O.P.E.C. has attempted to raise prices several times by cutting production. According to economic theory, a decrease in supply will yield higher prices. These are some of the reasons The United States must offer stability and continue to have troops in the area, intervening when the worlds oil and its prices are in jeopardy. Currently crude oil prices are rising due to the bombings in Saudi Arabia. †¦It has continued to soar, to more than $24 a barrel, up 34% from one year ago, the highest level since the 1991 Persian Gulf War. (3) This increase has been contributed to several factors: 1) the rising demand of crude oil throughout the world 2) the tight inventories because of the belief that supplies are going to run low 3) the current turmoil that exists in the area and 4) heating demands of the abnormally cold winter. These factors have already raised the prices of diesel fuel, jet fuel, and home heating oil. This is of major concern to truckers, airlines, and home heating oil companies. As a result of these price increases, airline ticket prices will also increase. These are just a few of the elements that effect prices, but none of them have the power to greatly change the price that exist at the pumps. The demand of crude oil is always cyclical. The United States demands more gasoline in spring and summer months than in the fall or winter, due to people driving more. The current trend in vehicles has moved to larger sport utility vehicles from small economy cars of the past and consume more gas and get less miles per gallon. The country is constantly searching for new and more efficient forms of energy. More importantly the country is searching for means of energy that will not make Americans poorer. The following chart shows the price of oil per barrel over the last year. These prices match the increases that take place at the pumps. Countries around the world are hanging on the decision of Iraq, regarding renewal of oil sales. However, the fact remains that if Iraq indeed decides to renew oil sales, will prices really drop? Even if Iraq gets back into the business of selling oil, it would be unlikely to cause a drastic shift in the price of a gallon of gasoline. Saddam Hussein’s actions have not been stable in the last few months. Iraq was supposed to begin exporting on Memorial Day, but due to erratic behavior, talks have been put on the back burner. Since there are so many factors involved, even if Iraq exports a tremendous amount of oil, consumers will probably not know the difference. Other fa ctors, other than the demand and price of crude oil in the world effect prices. Several interruptions in The United States production of oil has staggered the countries production. The United States is the only major oil-producing country where oil producing grounds are owned by the land owner and not property of the government. This makes for inefficient drilling since one party is not completely responsible for gathering all the oil. Average production per well is only 15 barrels per day, far less than any other oil producing countries. Alaska has the best oil producing land, but due to the land and harsh climate, it makes it hard to gather. It is also very expensive to develop methods of transportation which slows gathering of the oil. Several refineriesâ€â€on the West Coast, in the East and on the Gulf Coast – have experienced operational difficulties which affected product supplies in the marketplace. (4) It is rumored that their are supply tanks buried somewhere nea r the Gulf of Mexico that could support the country for 66 days if anything were to happen. The United States and other countries have been looking into alternative forms of energy in order to lower their dependency towards foreign oil. Money is being spent into researching solar, hydro, nuclear, and alternate forms of energy. Government regulations also create changes in gas prices. California has recently gone threw price increases at the pumps due to new legislation. The state is heavily overpopulated and has the worst smog of all the states. California gas stations are changing to a cleaner gas that will cause less air pollution, but will be more expensive. The increase is approximately 10-12 cents. That is the price Californians are going to have to pay for cleaner air. Another government regulation is aimed towards the refiners of the oil. The government is putting pressure to change from their winter grades which are oxygenated, to summer grades that have lower evaporability, helping the environment. These costs to switch fuel show up at the pumps, the public has to pay for governmental research and environmental precautions. The United States doesn’t have it as bad as some other countries. The U.S. pays an average of $1.21 per gallon of gasoline. Japan pays $5.35/gallon, Germany pays $4.04/gallon, The United Kingdom pays $3.38/gallon and Mexico pays $1.55/gallon. All four are significantly more than the United States pays. Taxes are the largest component of the prices we pay at the pumps. Taxes were the single largest component cost of gasoline, amounting to 42.4 cents per gallon, including 18.4 cents per gallon in federal taxes, 22 cents per gallon in weighted average state taxes and an estimated 2 cents per gallon in local taxes. (5) The President of The United States of America, Bill Clinton, has on several occasions proposed to increase the taxes put on gas. In 1993 Clinton proposed a gas tax that raised the prices at the pumps by 7.5 cents per gallon, a 6% increase of the price. Then in 1996, Bill Clinton made a proposal to raise gas taxes by an additional 2.5%. Clinton wanted to raise prices 10 cents per gallon overall in his four years in office, all part of his deficit reduction plan. (6) Clinton’s entire campaign was based around not hurting the American people with taxes, but once in the white house, has made the record books with the highest amount of gasoline taxes ever. Taxes are so much a part of the prices we pay that †¦in 1981 when pump prices where at an all time high of $2.27 per gallon, the taxes were just 27.7 cents per gallon. The real cost of motor gasoline to consumers fell by about a dollar per gallon between 1981 and 1995, but over the same period federal, state and local motor gasoline taxes increased by nearly 15 cents per gallon. (7) Taxes in the United states have increased an average of 15.6% in the last three years. mThis chart shows some United States cities and the price increas es. Many factors influence the prices of gasoline. Gasoline prices are affected by the price of crude oil in the world market, supply and demand for gasoline, local market competition, temporary supply interruptions, government regulations, or taxes. Everyday new things can happen to change the prices that American consumers pay at the pumps. The United States is dependent on foreign oil and must continue to ensure stability in the Middle East, or until we have found alternate sources of energy. Taxes will continue to climb due to the rise of government control. Regulations will continue to become stricter until gasoline usage is more environmentally friendly. 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